Understanding Breast Cancer Myths and Risk Factors
Every day, approximately 58 Australians are diagnosed with breast cancer. Despite being the most common cancer among women, several myths persist that can affect how individuals perceive their risk. Recent research by the National Breast Cancer Foundation (NBCF) highlights some of these misconceptions, particularly around the relationship between breast size and breast cancer risk.
In a survey of 340 Australians, nearly one in four respondents indicated that breast size affects their confidence when discussing breast cancer risk. Additionally, almost one in five believed that breast size influences their likelihood of developing breast cancer. These findings reveal a significant gap in public understanding of the actual factors that contribute to breast cancer risk.
Narelle Nalbantof, now approaching her 60s, was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ in 2011. She recalls that she had no family history of breast cancer and had small breasts, while her friend, who had large breasts, was undergoing regular screenings due to her family’s history. This personal experience underscores the importance of accurate information and regular check-ups.
Dr Cleola Anderiesz, CEO of the NBCF, emphasizes that these misconceptions can impact women’s confidence and understanding of their own risk. “Breast cancer is an extraordinarily complex disease, and it’s made up of multiple different subtypes,” she explains. “Understanding the risk can vary enormously, and is often shaped by myths rather than evidence.”
Common Myths and Their Origins
Another prevalent myth is the belief that wearing underwire bras or using deodorants increases breast cancer risk. However, there is no scientific evidence to support this claim. Professor Nehmat Houssami, a public health physician and breast specialist at the University of Sydney, notes that while there is no clear link between breast size and cancer risk, other factors may play a role.
She explains that obesity can influence breast size and is a known risk factor for breast cancer. “If we’re carrying a lot of weight, it’s possible that breast size might be larger, and we know that adult obesity increases the risk of breast cancer,” she says. Additionally, women with dense breasts are at a higher risk, as dense tissue can make it harder to detect cancer on mammograms.
Houssami highlights the importance of focusing on other known risk factors. “There are many other risk factors for breast cancer, some we can’t change,” she says. These include earlier onset of puberty, later menopause, and whether a woman has had children and breastfed. Two key factors that can be addressed are high body fat in adulthood and alcohol consumption.
“Even if a woman has just one drink a day, most days of the week, compared to women who never drink, alcohol is a significant independent risk factor for developing breast cancer,” Houssami adds.
The Complexity of Breast Cancer Risk
Importantly, Houssami notes that there is no single risk factor for breast cancer. “Many women who don’t have risk factors for breast cancer develop it, so it can also occur by chance.” At the same time, having a risk factor does not guarantee that a woman will develop breast cancer. “There’s usually a complex interplay of risk factors that can predispose a woman to breast cancer.”
Professor Tracey O’Brien, NSW chief cancer officer and CEO of Cancer Institute NSW, stresses the importance of regular screening and early detection. Women with larger breasts may experience additional discomfort during screenings, which could deter them from scheduling appointments. “Every woman should know their breasts, and if they notice any changes, lumps, discharge or have any concerns, then they should absolutely see their GP,” she advises.
In Australia, women over the age of 40 can access free mammograms every two years. Regular check-ups are crucial for early detection and effective treatment.
Personal Journey and Advocacy
Nalbantof, who underwent a partial mastectomy followed by a full removal, describes the physical and psychological toll of her experience. Even the reconstruction process was more challenging than she anticipated. “It’s the mental anguish and the mutilation of your body,” she says. “First of all, you need to be confident that you are not going to die from it [cancer], that you will be a survivor.”
Today, Nalbantof is a passionate advocate for breast cancer awareness. She enjoys daily swims, dragon boat racing, and dancing. Recently, she got a tattoo featuring a tree of life and animal imagery to symbolise her children and grandchildren. “I’ve loved it so much and loved looking in the mirror at the tattooing instead of the scarring,” she says.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease, influenced by a range of factors. It is essential for individuals to understand the facts, dispel myths, and take proactive steps toward early detection and prevention. Regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and open conversations about risk can make a significant difference in outcomes.
