Queensland GPs Face Hurdles in Offering Voluntary Assisted Dying
A recent study conducted by researchers at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) has shed light on significant challenges faced by General Practitioners (GPs) in Queensland when it comes to offering voluntary assisted dying (VAD). Despite the VAD laws having been in effect since 2023, many GPs are encountering substantial barriers related to education, financial incentives, and the practicalities of the application process, which are hindering their participation in the scheme.
The research involved in-depth interviews with 12 GPs from various regions across Queensland, conducted a year after the VAD legislation was implemented. While the study acknowledged that GPs generally provide compassionate and comprehensive care to patients seeking VAD, it also revealed a number of persistent difficulties.
Key Challenges Identified by Queensland GPs:
- Complex Application Processes: Many GPs reported being challenged by the intricacies of the VAD laws’ application procedures. The paperwork was frequently described as “complex and time-intensive,” leading to concerns about potential errors.
- Insufficient Training and Education: A notable finding was the perceived “lack of understanding and education” surrounding VAD among medical professionals, particularly junior doctors. The mandatory training requirements were also seen as a deterrent for GPs already managing demanding workloads.
- Time and Resource Constraints: The time commitment required for VAD cases was a significant concern. One GP expressed that they were “probably working about double what I’m employed in,” with VAD duties encroaching upon their time allocated for rural generalist work, hospital responsibilities, and personal life.
- Confusing Eligibility Requirements: Some GPs indicated confusion regarding the specific eligibility criteria for patients seeking VAD, adding another layer of complexity to the process.
- Lack of Financial Incentives: A critical factor highlighted was the absence of adequate financial remuneration for GPs involved in VAD. The current system, which relies heavily on the public health sector, offers limited opportunities for community-based GPs and lacks specific Medicare rebates.
One participant voiced their frustration, stating, “It just doesn’t reach the threshold of jumping into it unfortunately … even if you believe in it.” This sentiment underscores the disconnect between the ethical considerations of VAD and the practical, systemic support available for practitioners.
The Queensland VAD Model and its Implications
Lead author and QUT PhD researcher, Dr Laura Ley Greaves, pointed out that Queensland’s VAD model is distinct from those in other states. Approximately 90 per cent of VAD cases are managed within the public health system. While this approach aims to ensure equitable access across the state, it inadvertently limits the involvement of community-based GPs.
Dr Greaves agreed that the absence of clear remuneration structures and a dedicated Medicare rebate for VAD participation significantly influences non-participation rates. “The structural barriers haven’t yet changed,” she stated. “So between the lack of remuneration outside the public system and the time requirements, there is not enough yet to incentivise those that are not already involved to become involved.”
Growing Demand and Practitioner Shortages
The latest annual report from the Queensland Voluntary Assisted Dying Review Board reveals a substantial increase in demand for VAD services. Between July 1, 2024, and June 30, 2025, over 2000 individuals were assessed for eligibility. Of those assessed, 1072 died following the administration of a VAD substance, marking a significant 35 per cent rise compared to the previous 12 months.
Despite this growing demand, the number of authorised VAD practitioners remains relatively low. Associate Professor Helen Irving, the board’s chair, noted that less than 500 authorised practitioners, including medical practitioners and nurses, are currently operating across Queensland. This creates a situation where an increasing number of VAD cases are being managed by a smaller pool of healthcare professionals.
Associate Professor Irving has recommended that the Queensland government and Queensland Health actively engage with authorised practitioners and health service leaders. The goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers preventing wider participation and to develop effective strategies for supporting VAD services and ensuring equitable access for all eligible individuals.
Queensland’s VAD legislation, including its eligibility criteria, is scheduled for a review this year. This review presents a crucial opportunity to address the identified challenges and improve the system for both patients and the healthcare professionals involved.
The study’s findings highlight the pressing need for systemic changes to better support GPs who wish to offer voluntary assisted dying. Without addressing the educational gaps, streamlining the application process, and providing appropriate financial incentives, the full potential of Queensland’s VAD scheme may remain unrealised.
